A Corpus of 21st Century Scots Texts

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Levenshtein Distance

Enter a word to find nearest neighbouring words, for example ablow

- basic concord - pre-sorted concord - post-sorted concord - map and chronology - chronogrid - fine-grain concord -

Similar words to formerly in Corpus

Levenshtein Double Levenshtein SoundEx MetaPhone Manually curated
formerly (0) - 3 freq
orderly (2) - 4 freq
forgery (2) - 1 freq
formally (2) - 7 freq
norderly (2) - 1 freq
former (2) - 38 freq
ferly (3) - 20 freq
freenly (3) - 22 freq
firmer (3) - 4 freq
ferrly (3) - 28 freq
fermer (3) - 194 freq
frienly (3) - 5 freq
fowerty (3) - 5 freq
fermers (3) - 89 freq
focherty (3) - 1 freq
fatherly (3) - 1 freq
fordert (3) - 4 freq
foriornly (3) - 1 freq
firefly (3) - 1 freq
forders (3) - 8 freq
forderin (3) - 191 freq
dormer (3) - 2 freq
foolery (3) - 2 freq
farmers (3) - 4 freq
faiderly (3) - 1 freq
formerly (0) - 3 freq
former (3) - 38 freq
formally (3) - 7 freq
farmer (4) - 9 freq
fermers (4) - 89 freq
formal (4) - 59 freq
firmly (4) - 41 freq
farmers (4) - 4 freq
formula (4) - 6 freq
fermer (4) - 194 freq
norderly (4) - 1 freq
forgery (4) - 1 freq
orderly (4) - 4 freq
ferrly (4) - 28 freq
firmer (4) - 4 freq
fordered (5) - 22 freq
fermers' (5) - 3 freq
formed (5) - 47 freq
femely (5) - 1 freq
forlornly (5) - 2 freq
fordel (5) - 7 freq
normally (5) - 56 freq
firmal (5) - 1 freq
firmil (5) - 2 freq
fremdly (5) - 1 freq
SoundEx code - F656
fermer's - 21 freq
fermer - 194 freq
framework - 7 freq
fairmer - 61 freq
former - 38 freq
ferm-yerd-while - 1 freq
farmers - 4 freq
formerly - 3 freq
fermyaird-while - 1 freq
fairmers - 35 freq
fermers - 89 freq
fermers' - 3 freq
firmer - 4 freq
forwunnert - 3 freq
ferm-worker's - 1 freq
free-mairket - 1 freq
ferm-yard-while - 1 freq
fairm-yerd - 1 freq
fairmers' - 3 freq
fairmer's - 6 freq
forin'er - 1 freq
forriners - 1 freq
fermyaird - 5 freq
fairm-yard-while - 1 freq
framewark - 10 freq
fernyears - 10 freq
fairmer' - 1 freq
forwaunert - 1 freq
farmer - 9 freq
framewaark - 29 freq
framewaark'' - 1 freq
framewaark' - 1 freq
fairmyaird-while - 1 freq
forwannert - 1 freq
fernyeir - 1 freq
fernyear - 5 freq
farmer's - 3 freq
fairmyaird - 4 freq
farmyaird - 1 freq
furriners - 2 freq
foirhaimmer - 1 freq
framewirk - 3 freq
farmyard - 1 freq
furriner - 1 freq
formartine - 1 freq
fermerdavie - 2 freq
furrener - 1 freq
furreners - 1 freq
furraners - 1 freq
fernyear- - 1 freq
fermwarker - 1 freq
farmersweekly - 9 freq
farnorthscot - 2 freq
formartineutd - 1 freq
freenorthnow - 3 freq
MetaPhone code - FRMRL
formerly - 3 freq
FORMERLY
Time to execute Levenshtein function - 0.173558 milliseconds
The Levenshtein distance is the number of characters you have to replace, insert or delete to transform one word into another, its useful for detecting typos and alternative spellings
Time to execute Double Levenshtein function - 0.324523 milliseconds
In a stroke of genius, this runs the Levenshtein function twice, once without vowels and adds the distance together, giving double weight to consonants.
Time to execute SoundEx function - 0.027508 milliseconds
Soundex is a phonetic algorithm for indexing names by sound, as pronounced in English. The goal is for homophones to be encoded to the same representation so that they can be matched despite minor differences in spelling.
Time to execute MetaPhone function - 0.037642 milliseconds
Metaphone is a phonetic algorithm, published by Lawrence Philips in 1990, for indexing words by their English pronunciation.[1] It fundamentally improves on the Soundex algorithm by using information about variations and inconsistencies in English spelling and pronunciation to produce a more accurate encoding, which does a better job of matching words and names which sound similar.
Time to execute Manually curated function - 0.000845 milliseconds
Manual Curation uses a lookup table / lexicon which has been created by hand which links words to their lemmas, and includes obvious typos and spelling variations. Not all words are covered.