A Corpus of 21st Century Scots Texts

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Levenshtein Distance

Enter a word to find nearest neighbouring words, for example sonsie

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Similar words to referee in Corpus

Levenshtein Double Levenshtein SoundEx MetaPhone Manually curated
referee (0) - 15 freq
refereed (1) - 1 freq
referees (1) - 2 freq
refers (2) - 27 freq
refer (2) - 37 freq
referred (2) - 18 freq
revered (2) - 3 freq
referent (2) - 3 freq
reverse (2) - 21 freq
peeree (2) - 2 freq
refeese (2) - 1 freq
refete (2) - 1 freq
revere (2) - 1 freq
re-fere (2) - 1 freq
referin (2) - 1 freq
reference (2) - 53 freq
reverie (2) - 2 freq
everee (2) - 1 freq
reserve (2) - 7 freq
reelee (2) - 1 freq
referrt (2) - 1 freq
refugee (2) - 5 freq
reerie (2) - 4 freq
preferred (3) - 22 freq
behere (3) - 2 freq
referee (0) - 15 freq
referees (2) - 2 freq
refer (2) - 37 freq
refereed (2) - 1 freq
re-fere (3) - 1 freq
referin (3) - 1 freq
reverie (3) - 2 freq
revere (3) - 1 freq
refugee (3) - 5 freq
reerie (3) - 4 freq
refete (3) - 1 freq
refeese (3) - 1 freq
refers (3) - 27 freq
reever (4) - 2 freq
prefer (4) - 41 freq
raverie (4) - 1 freq
refuise (4) - 1 freq
fere (4) - 18 freq
feerie (4) - 5 freq
unfree (4) - 1 freq
rewire (4) - 2 freq
reefed (4) - 1 freq
free (4) - 643 freq
reframe (4) - 1 freq
before (4) - 560 freq
SoundEx code - R160
river - 264 freq
reappear - 6 freq
rubber - 54 freq
riper - 4 freq
reverie - 2 freq
referee - 15 freq
'rubber - 1 freq
repair - 15 freq
rapier - 2 freq
rover - 12 freq
reiver - 22 freq
refer - 37 freq
revoir - 5 freq
raver - 4 freq
rapper - 4 freq
raverie - 1 freq
ripper - 10 freq
reaper - 16 freq
riever - 2 freq
robbery - 8 freq
reviewer - 2 freq
rubbery - 7 freq
rïver - 5 freq
robber - 3 freq
ryver - 1 freq
reveiry - 1 freq
reapir - 1 freq
reever - 2 freq
re-fere - 1 freq
rubbir - 1 freq
rpr - 2 freq
revere - 1 freq
re-appear - 1 freq
riviera - 1 freq
robfray - 1 freq
MetaPhone code - RFR
river - 264 freq
reverie - 2 freq
referee - 15 freq
rover - 12 freq
reiver - 22 freq
refer - 37 freq
revoir - 5 freq
raver - 4 freq
raverie - 1 freq
riever - 2 freq
rougher - 1 freq
rïver - 5 freq
ryver - 1 freq
reveiry - 1 freq
reever - 2 freq
re-fere - 1 freq
revere - 1 freq
riviera - 1 freq
REFEREE
Time to execute Levenshtein function - 0.186270 milliseconds
The Levenshtein distance is the number of characters you have to replace, insert or delete to transform one word into another, its useful for detecting typos and alternative spellings
Time to execute Double Levenshtein function - 0.398655 milliseconds
In a stroke of genius, this runs the Levenshtein function twice, once without vowels and adds the distance together, giving double weight to consonants.
Time to execute SoundEx function - 0.062416 milliseconds
Soundex is a phonetic algorithm for indexing names by sound, as pronounced in English. The goal is for homophones to be encoded to the same representation so that they can be matched despite minor differences in spelling.
Time to execute MetaPhone function - 0.037637 milliseconds
Metaphone is a phonetic algorithm, published by Lawrence Philips in 1990, for indexing words by their English pronunciation.[1] It fundamentally improves on the Soundex algorithm by using information about variations and inconsistencies in English spelling and pronunciation to produce a more accurate encoding, which does a better job of matching words and names which sound similar.
Time to execute Manually curated function - 0.000835 milliseconds
Manual Curation uses a lookup table / lexicon which has been created by hand which links words to their lemmas, and includes obvious typos and spelling variations. Not all words are covered.