A Corpus of 21st Century Scots Texts

Intro a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Texts Writers Statistics Top200 Search Compare

Levenshtein Distance

Enter a word to find nearest neighbouring words, for example ablow

- basic concord - pre-sorted concord - post-sorted concord - map and chronology - chronogrid - fine-grain concord -

Similar words to referred in Corpus

Levenshtein Double Levenshtein SoundEx MetaPhone Manually curated
referred (0) - 18 freq
preferred (1) - 22 freq
refereed (1) - 1 freq
referrin (2) - 11 freq
refected (2) - 1 freq
referees (2) - 2 freq
referrit (2) - 11 freq
reteired (2) - 3 freq
revered (2) - 3 freq
referee (2) - 15 freq
reverted (2) - 1 freq
reversed (2) - 4 freq
reformed (2) - 5 freq
deterred (2) - 3 freq
referrt (2) - 1 freq
reserved (2) - 11 freq
deserred (2) - 2 freq
sterred (3) - 1 freq
referring (3) - 6 freq
recewed (3) - 1 freq
refer (3) - 37 freq
jeered (3) - 1 freq
refers (3) - 27 freq
relented (3) - 4 freq
reveries (3) - 1 freq
referred (0) - 18 freq
refereed (2) - 1 freq
preferred (2) - 22 freq
referrit (3) - 11 freq
reformed (3) - 5 freq
referrt (3) - 1 freq
referrin (3) - 11 freq
reserved (4) - 11 freq
deserred (4) - 2 freq
ferried (4) - 2 freq
forred (4) - 1 freq
remarried (4) - 3 freq
deterred (4) - 3 freq
refected (4) - 1 freq
reteired (4) - 3 freq
referees (4) - 2 freq
revered (4) - 3 freq
reversed (4) - 4 freq
referee (4) - 15 freq
reverted (4) - 1 freq
reverend (5) - 40 freq
rehearsed (5) - 3 freq
retired (5) - 40 freq
retoured (5) - 14 freq
rethered (5) - 1 freq
SoundEx code - R163
robert - 237 freq
reportin - 15 freq
revertit - 4 freq
repertoire - 7 freq
report - 224 freq
reporter - 23 freq
reproduction - 3 freq
reportit - 38 freq
repoort - 1 freq
robertson's - 5 freq
robertson - 75 freq
revered - 3 freq
repartee - 2 freq
reports - 41 freq
revert - 4 freq
rappered - 1 freq
reproduce - 2 freq
ripport's - 1 freq
referred - 18 freq
robert's - 4 freq
repaired - 8 freq
rupert - 17 freq
rupert's - 2 freq
'robert - 1 freq
referrit - 11 freq
referrt - 1 freq
reappeart - 4 freq
reporters - 3 freq
rebirth - 5 freq
rhubard - 1 freq
reportage - 2 freq
reported - 14 freq
rapportit - 1 freq
rubbert - 2 freq
reportin' - 2 freq
report's - 2 freq
roberto's - 1 freq
reports- - 1 freq
reporte - 1 freq
reappeared - 1 freq
robertsons - 1 freq
raportit - 2 freq
raport - 1 freq
reproducin - 1 freq
re-appearit - 1 freq
€œrobert - 1 freq
reproduced - 2 freq
€˜roberto - 2 freq
roberto - 2 freq
reproducit - 1 freq
revertin - 2 freq
roberton - 49 freq
reproductive - 3 freq
€œrevered - 1 freq
robertburns - 4 freq
robertsonpaulc - 1 freq
rupertmurdoch - 1 freq
reporting - 2 freq
robertmiggins - 102 freq
refereed - 1 freq
robertburnsqz - 1 freq
robertburnsday - 1 freq
robertburnsnts - 39 freq
robertplant - 4 freq
roberts - 1 freq
reverted - 1 freq
robroydfarmshop - 1 freq
robertburnsfed - 9 freq
robertliddell - 1 freq
roberthmw - 1 freq
robertreidalba - 3 freq
reparations - 1 freq
robertwulb - 3 freq
robertgordonuni's - 1 freq
robertsondawn - 1 freq
reverting - 1 freq
robertjames - 1 freq
robertmdaws - 70 freq
robertglen - 1 freq
MetaPhone code - RFRT
revered - 3 freq
revert - 4 freq
referred - 18 freq
referrit - 11 freq
referrt - 1 freq
€œrevered - 1 freq
refereed - 1 freq
REFERRED
Time to execute Levenshtein function - 0.228972 milliseconds
The Levenshtein distance is the number of characters you have to replace, insert or delete to transform one word into another, its useful for detecting typos and alternative spellings
Time to execute Double Levenshtein function - 0.392484 milliseconds
In a stroke of genius, this runs the Levenshtein function twice, once without vowels and adds the distance together, giving double weight to consonants.
Time to execute SoundEx function - 0.027083 milliseconds
Soundex is a phonetic algorithm for indexing names by sound, as pronounced in English. The goal is for homophones to be encoded to the same representation so that they can be matched despite minor differences in spelling.
Time to execute MetaPhone function - 0.037330 milliseconds
Metaphone is a phonetic algorithm, published by Lawrence Philips in 1990, for indexing words by their English pronunciation.[1] It fundamentally improves on the Soundex algorithm by using information about variations and inconsistencies in English spelling and pronunciation to produce a more accurate encoding, which does a better job of matching words and names which sound similar.
Time to execute Manually curated function - 0.001211 milliseconds
Manual Curation uses a lookup table / lexicon which has been created by hand which links words to their lemmas, and includes obvious typos and spelling variations. Not all words are covered.