A Corpus of 21st Century Scots Texts

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Levenshtein Distance

Enter a word to find nearest neighbouring words, for example ablow

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Similar words to penal in Corpus

Levenshtein Double Levenshtein SoundEx MetaPhone Manually curated
penal (0) - 5 freq
peal (1) - 3 freq
petal (1) - 10 freq
pedal (1) - 4 freq
penel (1) - 106 freq
penalty (2) - 28 freq
peak (2) - 24 freq
seal (2) - 31 freq
spinal (2) - 3 freq
vernal (2) - 3 freq
deval (2) - 4 freq
penman (2) - 1 freq
veal (2) - 2 freq
panel (2) - 29 freq
pents (2) - 5 freq
beal (2) - 3 freq
regal (2) - 2 freq
teal (2) - 2 freq
heal (2) - 27 freq
bengal (2) - 2 freq
penim (2) - 1 freq
legal (2) - 84 freq
mental (2) - 118 freq
€™nal (2) - 1 freq
peat (2) - 59 freq
penal (0) - 5 freq
penel (1) - 106 freq
panel (2) - 29 freq
panoal (2) - 1 freq
epinal (2) - 1 freq
peal (2) - 3 freq
petal (2) - 10 freq
pedal (2) - 4 freq
pen' (3) - 1 freq
penud (3) - 1 freq
peyan (3) - 1 freq
pewl (3) - 3 freq
pecl (3) - 1 freq
final (3) - 162 freq
nal (3) - 1 freq
poal (3) - 1 freq
penels (3) - 7 freq
wenl (3) - 1 freq
penga (3) - 4 freq
pent (3) - 39 freq
pencil (3) - 41 freq
canal (3) - 27 freq
paal (3) - 2 freq
neal (3) - 1 freq
peril (3) - 7 freq
SoundEx code - P540
pummel - 4 freq
panel - 29 freq
penal - 5 freq
pamela - 1 freq
phanuel - 2 freq
pomleywee - 1 freq
penel - 106 freq
panoal - 1 freq
pommel - 1 freq
poneil - 3 freq
pennywell - 1 freq
MetaPhone code - PNL
panel - 29 freq
penal - 5 freq
penel - 106 freq
panoal - 1 freq
poneil - 3 freq
PENAL
Time to execute Levenshtein function - 0.250539 milliseconds
The Levenshtein distance is the number of characters you have to replace, insert or delete to transform one word into another, its useful for detecting typos and alternative spellings
Time to execute Double Levenshtein function - 0.372586 milliseconds
In a stroke of genius, this runs the Levenshtein function twice, once without vowels and adds the distance together, giving double weight to consonants.
Time to execute SoundEx function - 0.027599 milliseconds
Soundex is a phonetic algorithm for indexing names by sound, as pronounced in English. The goal is for homophones to be encoded to the same representation so that they can be matched despite minor differences in spelling.
Time to execute MetaPhone function - 0.037153 milliseconds
Metaphone is a phonetic algorithm, published by Lawrence Philips in 1990, for indexing words by their English pronunciation.[1] It fundamentally improves on the Soundex algorithm by using information about variations and inconsistencies in English spelling and pronunciation to produce a more accurate encoding, which does a better job of matching words and names which sound similar.
Time to execute Manually curated function - 0.000952 milliseconds
Manual Curation uses a lookup table / lexicon which has been created by hand which links words to their lemmas, and includes obvious typos and spelling variations. Not all words are covered.