A Corpus of 21st Century Scots Texts

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Levenshtein Distance

Enter a word to find nearest neighbouring words, for example sonsie

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Similar words to references in Corpus

Levenshtein Double Levenshtein SoundEx MetaPhone Manually curated
references (0) - 41 freq
reference (1) - 53 freq
referenced (1) - 1 freq
refrences (1) - 2 freq
preferences (1) - 1 freq
preference (2) - 5 freq
reverence (2) - 10 freq
deiferences (2) - 1 freq
referees (2) - 2 freq
deference (2) - 4 freq
raference (2) - 1 freq
reuerence (2) - 1 freq
referencin (2) - 2 freq
refreshes (3) - 1 freq
conferences (3) - 13 freq
referee (3) - 15 freq
irreverences (3) - 1 freq
referendum (3) - 151 freq
inference (3) - 2 freq
seelences (3) - 1 freq
deifferences (3) - 1 freq
differences (3) - 33 freq
praiferences (3) - 1 freq
defences (3) - 4 freq
refereed (3) - 1 freq
references (0) - 41 freq
refrences (1) - 2 freq
preferences (2) - 1 freq
reference (2) - 53 freq
referenced (2) - 1 freq
deiferences (3) - 1 freq
raference (3) - 1 freq
referencin (3) - 2 freq
praiferences (4) - 1 freq
reuerence (4) - 1 freq
deference (4) - 4 freq
referees (4) - 2 freq
reverence (4) - 10 freq
preference (4) - 5 freq
referenfum (5) - 1 freq
referent (5) - 3 freq
deiference (5) - 1 freq
deeference (5) - 1 freq
residences (5) - 1 freq
frances (5) - 15 freq
referendums (5) - 16 freq
diffrences (5) - 1 freq
referencing (5) - 1 freq
prefairances (5) - 1 freq
defences (5) - 4 freq
SoundEx code - R165
refrences - 2 freq
reborn - 7 freq
repairin - 3 freq
reformation - 20 freq
reformer - 2 freq
reformers - 7 freq
reference - 53 freq
referring - 6 freq
referrin - 11 freq
rayburn - 1 freq
reverently - 4 freq
reverend - 40 freq
reverence - 10 freq
refrain - 13 freq
raivern - 1 freq
reformatioun - 3 freq
reformed - 5 freq
reprehensible - 3 freq
reaffirms - 1 freq
reprimandin - 1 freq
refrains - 1 freq
referendum - 151 freq
reform - 42 freq
reformin - 3 freq
reverent - 3 freq
references - 41 freq
raiferendum - 2 freq
raeburn - 1 freq
referent - 3 freq
referenced - 1 freq
referencin - 2 freq
referencing - 1 freq
refarin - 1 freq
raference - 1 freq
rebrand - 2 freq
refoarm - 1 freq
repreein-like - 1 freq
refoarmation - 1 freq
reprentit - 1 freq
reforms - 2 freq
reprent - 2 freq
rfairnie - 12 freq
reparein - 2 freq
reverant - 3 freq
referin - 1 freq
referential - 2 freq
referendums - 16 freq
reformt - 1 freq
refraint - 1 freq
€œreferendum - 1 freq
referenfum - 1 freq
reformist - 1 freq
reframe - 1 freq
reframin - 1 freq
refrained - 1 freq
re-born - 1 freq
re-appearance - 1 freq
reverrons - 1 freq
robreiner - 1 freq
repbrendanboyle - 1 freq
reprimanded - 1 freq
reprimandit - 1 freq
MetaPhone code - RFRNSS
refrences - 2 freq
references - 41 freq
REFERENCES
Time to execute Levenshtein function - 0.351995 milliseconds
The Levenshtein distance is the number of characters you have to replace, insert or delete to transform one word into another, its useful for detecting typos and alternative spellings
Time to execute Double Levenshtein function - 0.466074 milliseconds
In a stroke of genius, this runs the Levenshtein function twice, once without vowels and adds the distance together, giving double weight to consonants.
Time to execute SoundEx function - 0.027659 milliseconds
Soundex is a phonetic algorithm for indexing names by sound, as pronounced in English. The goal is for homophones to be encoded to the same representation so that they can be matched despite minor differences in spelling.
Time to execute MetaPhone function - 0.070257 milliseconds
Metaphone is a phonetic algorithm, published by Lawrence Philips in 1990, for indexing words by their English pronunciation.[1] It fundamentally improves on the Soundex algorithm by using information about variations and inconsistencies in English spelling and pronunciation to produce a more accurate encoding, which does a better job of matching words and names which sound similar.
Time to execute Manually curated function - 0.000860 milliseconds
Manual Curation uses a lookup table / lexicon which has been created by hand which links words to their lemmas, and includes obvious typos and spelling variations. Not all words are covered.