A Corpus of 21st Century Scots Texts

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Levenshtein Distance

Enter a word to find nearest neighbouring words, for example sonsie

- basic concord - pre-sorted concord - post-sorted concord - map and chronology - chronogrid - fine-grain concord -

Similar words to upwards in Corpus

Levenshtein Double Levenshtein SoundEx MetaPhone Manually curated
upwards (0) - 11 freq
upwords (1) - 1 freq
upwarts (1) - 2 freq
upward (1) - 5 freq
tawards (2) - 7 freq
atwards (2) - 3 freq
towards (2) - 161 freq
cowards (2) - 5 freq
wards (2) - 30 freq
uplands (2) - 2 freq
rewards (2) - 6 freq
uphauds (2) - 8 freq
outwards (2) - 1 freq
upwardly (2) - 1 freq
awards (2) - 35 freq
onwards (2) - 19 freq
upwart (2) - 8 freq
edwards (2) - 5 freq
tiwards (2) - 3 freq
inwards (2) - 7 freq
uphaud (3) - 121 freq
boards (3) - 23 freq
onwarts (3) - 1 freq
ipads (3) - 1 freq
uploads (3) - 1 freq
upwards (0) - 11 freq
upwords (1) - 1 freq
upward (2) - 5 freq
upwarts (2) - 2 freq
onwards (3) - 19 freq
awards (3) - 35 freq
edwards (3) - 5 freq
inwards (3) - 7 freq
upwardly (3) - 1 freq
tiwards (3) - 3 freq
outwards (3) - 1 freq
towards (3) - 161 freq
atwards (3) - 3 freq
tawards (3) - 7 freq
wards (3) - 30 freq
cowards (3) - 5 freq
rewards (3) - 6 freq
ootwards (4) - 12 freq
words (4) - 802 freq
swurds (4) - 2 freq
awairds (4) - 3 freq
swords (4) - 36 freq
seawards (4) - 1 freq
rawyards (4) - 1 freq
wurds (4) - 208 freq
SoundEx code - U163
upwards - 11 freq
upforret - 1 freq
uppertoon - 5 freq
upward - 5 freq
upairt - 1 freq
upreeted - 1 freq
upwarts - 2 freq
upwardly - 1 freq
uprooting - 1 freq
upwart - 8 freq
upwords - 1 freq
MetaPhone code - UPWRTS
upwards - 11 freq
upwarts - 2 freq
upwords - 1 freq
UPWARDS
Time to execute Levenshtein function - 0.304958 milliseconds
The Levenshtein distance is the number of characters you have to replace, insert or delete to transform one word into another, its useful for detecting typos and alternative spellings
Time to execute Double Levenshtein function - 0.586582 milliseconds
In a stroke of genius, this runs the Levenshtein function twice, once without vowels and adds the distance together, giving double weight to consonants.
Time to execute SoundEx function - 0.078310 milliseconds
Soundex is a phonetic algorithm for indexing names by sound, as pronounced in English. The goal is for homophones to be encoded to the same representation so that they can be matched despite minor differences in spelling.
Time to execute MetaPhone function - 0.038594 milliseconds
Metaphone is a phonetic algorithm, published by Lawrence Philips in 1990, for indexing words by their English pronunciation.[1] It fundamentally improves on the Soundex algorithm by using information about variations and inconsistencies in English spelling and pronunciation to produce a more accurate encoding, which does a better job of matching words and names which sound similar.
Time to execute Manually curated function - 0.000844 milliseconds
Manual Curation uses a lookup table / lexicon which has been created by hand which links words to their lemmas, and includes obvious typos and spelling variations. Not all words are covered.