A Corpus of 21st Century Scots Texts

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Levenshtein Distance

Enter a word to find nearest neighbouring words, for example sonsie

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Similar words to paper in Corpus

Levenshtein Double Levenshtein SoundEx MetaPhone Manually curated
paper (0) - 526 freq
paper- (1) - 2 freq
paer (1) - 3 freq
pager (1) - 1 freq
japer (1) - 1 freq
caper (1) - 14 freq
paeper (1) - 3 freq
papper (1) - 1 freq
payer (1) - 1 freq
papar (1) - 2 freq
papery (1) - 1 freq
paiper (1) - 7 freq
pape (1) - 1 freq
pamper (1) - 2 freq
taper (1) - 4 freq
piper (1) - 31 freq
praper (1) - 1 freq
pyper (1) - 4 freq
pawper (1) - 6 freq
papier (1) - 1 freq
papers (1) - 137 freq
pauper (1) - 5 freq
paper' (1) - 1 freq
afer (2) - 1 freq
halper (2) - 2 freq
paper (0) - 526 freq
paiper (1) - 7 freq
papery (1) - 1 freq
piper (1) - 31 freq
pyper (1) - 4 freq
pauper (1) - 5 freq
papar (1) - 2 freq
papier (1) - 1 freq
paeper (1) - 3 freq
ppera (2) - 24 freq
payer (2) - 1 freq
paper' (2) - 1 freq
peiper (2) - 1 freq
paper- (2) - 2 freq
upper (2) - 55 freq
pooper (2) - 1 freq
pypar (2) - 1 freq
paipur (2) - 3 freq
papers (2) - 137 freq
popery (2) - 2 freq
peyper (2) - 1 freq
papper (2) - 1 freq
caper (2) - 14 freq
paer (2) - 3 freq
pamper (2) - 2 freq
SoundEx code - P160
paper - 526 freq
pepper - 83 freq
piper - 31 freq
puffer - 1 freq
paper' - 1 freq
papier - 1 freq
popery - 2 freq
pauper - 5 freq
pyper - 4 freq
papper - 1 freq
pivver - 1 freq
pipper - 2 freq
paiper - 7 freq
peyper - 1 freq
papar - 2 freq
paipur - 3 freq
pepperie - 1 freq
peiper - 1 freq
popper - 3 freq
pawper - 6 freq
pypar - 1 freq
peever - 1 freq
€˜paper - 1 freq
paeper - 3 freq
papery - 1 freq
pooper - 1 freq
paybrhw - 1 freq
paper- - 2 freq
MetaPhone code - PPR
paper - 526 freq
pepper - 83 freq
piper - 31 freq
paper' - 1 freq
papier - 1 freq
popery - 2 freq
pauper - 5 freq
pyper - 4 freq
papper - 1 freq
pipper - 2 freq
paiper - 7 freq
peyper - 1 freq
papar - 2 freq
paipur - 3 freq
pepperie - 1 freq
peiper - 1 freq
popper - 3 freq
pawper - 6 freq
pypar - 1 freq
€˜paper - 1 freq
paeper - 3 freq
papery - 1 freq
pooper - 1 freq
paper- - 2 freq
PAPER
paper - 526 freq
papers - 137 freq
paperin - 2 freq
papering - freq
newspaper - 63 freq
newspapers - 38 freq
newspapermen - 3 freq
paperback - 25 freq
paperbacker - 1 freq
paperwork - 7 freq
paperwirk - 2 freq
wawpaper - 6 freq
wallpaper - 5 freq
wallpaperin - 2 freq
papershop - 3 freq
paper- - 2 freq
waste-paper - 2 freq
paper-thin - 1 freq
sandpaper - 3 freq
Time to execute Levenshtein function - 0.212303 milliseconds
The Levenshtein distance is the number of characters you have to replace, insert or delete to transform one word into another, its useful for detecting typos and alternative spellings
Time to execute Double Levenshtein function - 0.454694 milliseconds
In a stroke of genius, this runs the Levenshtein function twice, once without vowels and adds the distance together, giving double weight to consonants.
Time to execute SoundEx function - 0.029869 milliseconds
Soundex is a phonetic algorithm for indexing names by sound, as pronounced in English. The goal is for homophones to be encoded to the same representation so that they can be matched despite minor differences in spelling.
Time to execute MetaPhone function - 0.073547 milliseconds
Metaphone is a phonetic algorithm, published by Lawrence Philips in 1990, for indexing words by their English pronunciation.[1] It fundamentally improves on the Soundex algorithm by using information about variations and inconsistencies in English spelling and pronunciation to produce a more accurate encoding, which does a better job of matching words and names which sound similar.
Time to execute Manually curated function - 0.001168 milliseconds
Manual Curation uses a lookup table / lexicon which has been created by hand which links words to their lemmas, and includes obvious typos and spelling variations. Not all words are covered.