A Corpus of 21st Century Scots Texts

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Levenshtein Distance

Enter a word to find nearest neighbouring words, for example ahint

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Similar words to references in Corpus

Levenshtein Double Levenshtein SoundEx MetaPhone Manually curated
references (0) - 41 freq
referenced (1) - 1 freq
reference (1) - 52 freq
preferences (1) - 1 freq
refrences (1) - 2 freq
preference (2) - 5 freq
deiferences (2) - 1 freq
referencin (2) - 2 freq
reverence (2) - 10 freq
reuerence (2) - 1 freq
referees (2) - 2 freq
raference (2) - 1 freq
deference (2) - 4 freq
referencing (3) - 1 freq
praiferences (3) - 1 freq
irreverences (3) - 1 freq
diffrences (3) - 1 freq
referendums (3) - 16 freq
seelences (3) - 1 freq
referent (3) - 3 freq
refreshes (3) - 1 freq
referendum (3) - 151 freq
referee (3) - 15 freq
defences (3) - 5 freq
'preferences' (3) - 1 freq
references (0) - 41 freq
refrences (1) - 2 freq
preferences (2) - 1 freq
reference (2) - 52 freq
referenced (2) - 1 freq
referencin (3) - 2 freq
raference (3) - 1 freq
deiferences (3) - 1 freq
preference (4) - 5 freq
deference (4) - 4 freq
praiferences (4) - 1 freq
reverence (4) - 10 freq
reuerence (4) - 1 freq
referees (4) - 2 freq
residences (5) - 1 freq
deeference (5) - 1 freq
deifferences (5) - 1 freq
inference (5) - 2 freq
frances (5) - 11 freq
prefairances (5) - 1 freq
referenfum (5) - 1 freq
deiference (5) - 1 freq
conferences (5) - 13 freq
differences (5) - 34 freq
referent (5) - 3 freq
SoundEx code - R165
refrences - 2 freq
reborn - 7 freq
repairin - 3 freq
reformation - 20 freq
reformer - 2 freq
reformers - 7 freq
reference - 52 freq
referring - 7 freq
referrin - 11 freq
rayburn - 1 freq
reverently - 4 freq
reverend - 40 freq
reverence - 10 freq
refrain - 13 freq
raivern - 1 freq
reformatioun - 3 freq
reformed - 5 freq
reverent - 4 freq
reprehensible - 3 freq
reaffirms - 1 freq
reprimandin - 1 freq
refrains - 1 freq
referendum - 151 freq
reform - 42 freq
reformin - 3 freq
references - 41 freq
raiferendum - 2 freq
raeburn - 1 freq
referent - 3 freq
referenced - 1 freq
referencin - 2 freq
referencing - 1 freq
refarin - 1 freq
raference - 1 freq
rebrand - 2 freq
refoarm - 1 freq
repreein-like - 1 freq
refoarmation - 1 freq
reprentit - 1 freq
reforms - 2 freq
reprent - 2 freq
rfairnie - 12 freq
reparein - 2 freq
reverant - 3 freq
referin - 1 freq
referential - 2 freq
referendums - 16 freq
reformt - 1 freq
refraint - 1 freq
€œreferendum - 1 freq
referenfum - 1 freq
reformist - 1 freq
reframe - 1 freq
reframin - 1 freq
refrained - 1 freq
re-born - 1 freq
re-appearance - 1 freq
reverrons - 1 freq
robreiner - 1 freq
repbrendanboyle - 1 freq
reprimanded - 1 freq
reprimandit - 1 freq
MetaPhone code - RFRNSS
refrences - 2 freq
references - 41 freq
REFERENCES
Time to execute Levenshtein function - 0.195556 milliseconds
The Levenshtein distance is the number of characters you have to replace, insert or delete to transform one word into another, its useful for detecting typos and alternative spellings
Time to execute Double Levenshtein function - 0.410927 milliseconds
In a stroke of genius, this runs the Levenshtein function twice, once without vowels and adds the distance together, giving double weight to consonants.
Time to execute SoundEx function - 0.030250 milliseconds
Soundex is a phonetic algorithm for indexing names by sound, as pronounced in English. The goal is for homophones to be encoded to the same representation so that they can be matched despite minor differences in spelling.
Time to execute MetaPhone function - 0.042296 milliseconds
Metaphone is a phonetic algorithm, published by Lawrence Philips in 1990, for indexing words by their English pronunciation.[1] It fundamentally improves on the Soundex algorithm by using information about variations and inconsistencies in English spelling and pronunciation to produce a more accurate encoding, which does a better job of matching words and names which sound similar.
Time to execute Manually curated function - 0.001050 milliseconds
Manual Curation uses a lookup table / lexicon which has been created by hand which links words to their lemmas, and includes obvious typos and spelling variations. Not all words are covered.