A Corpus of 21st Century Scots Texts

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Levenshtein Distance

Enter a word to find nearest neighbouring words, for example ablow

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Similar words to penal in Corpus

Levenshtein Double Levenshtein SoundEx MetaPhone Manually curated
penal (0) - 5 freq
petal (1) - 11 freq
penel (1) - 106 freq
peal (1) - 3 freq
pedal (1) - 6 freq
penah (1) - 1 freq
pepil (2) - 2 freq
penn (2) - 4 freq
dental (2) - 7 freq
pence (2) - 64 freq
mental (2) - 125 freq
zeal (2) - 2 freq
pencil (2) - 42 freq
feal (2) - 1 freq
pensel (2) - 1 freq
pennan (2) - 2 freq
pents (2) - 5 freq
nepal (2) - 1 freq
feral (2) - 6 freq
bengal (2) - 2 freq
enml (2) - 1 freq
pense (2) - 3 freq
pen (2) - 119 freq
penels (2) - 7 freq
poal (2) - 1 freq
penal (0) - 5 freq
penel (1) - 106 freq
panoal (2) - 1 freq
petal (2) - 11 freq
panel (2) - 29 freq
epinal (2) - 1 freq
penah (2) - 1 freq
peal (2) - 3 freq
pedal (2) - 6 freq
penis (3) - 1 freq
pened (3) - 1 freq
final (3) - 166 freq
penud (3) - 1 freq
pearl (3) - 8 freq
penim (3) - 1 freq
donal (3) - 7 freq
peel (3) - 41 freq
tonal (3) - 8 freq
peyan (3) - 1 freq
pell (3) - 4 freq
phial (3) - 1 freq
nal (3) - 1 freq
spinal (3) - 3 freq
neal (3) - 1 freq
pewl (3) - 3 freq
SoundEx code - P540
pummel - 4 freq
panel - 29 freq
penal - 5 freq
pamela - 1 freq
phanuel - 2 freq
pomleywee - 1 freq
penel - 106 freq
panoal - 1 freq
pommel - 1 freq
poneil - 3 freq
pennywell - 1 freq
MetaPhone code - PNL
panel - 29 freq
penal - 5 freq
penel - 106 freq
panoal - 1 freq
poneil - 3 freq
PENAL
Time to execute Levenshtein function - 0.413294 milliseconds
The Levenshtein distance is the number of characters you have to replace, insert or delete to transform one word into another, its useful for detecting typos and alternative spellings
Time to execute Double Levenshtein function - 0.883161 milliseconds
In a stroke of genius, this runs the Levenshtein function twice, once without vowels and adds the distance together, giving double weight to consonants.
Time to execute SoundEx function - 0.027839 milliseconds
Soundex is a phonetic algorithm for indexing names by sound, as pronounced in English. The goal is for homophones to be encoded to the same representation so that they can be matched despite minor differences in spelling.
Time to execute MetaPhone function - 0.086184 milliseconds
Metaphone is a phonetic algorithm, published by Lawrence Philips in 1990, for indexing words by their English pronunciation.[1] It fundamentally improves on the Soundex algorithm by using information about variations and inconsistencies in English spelling and pronunciation to produce a more accurate encoding, which does a better job of matching words and names which sound similar.
Time to execute Manually curated function - 0.000887 milliseconds
Manual Curation uses a lookup table / lexicon which has been created by hand which links words to their lemmas, and includes obvious typos and spelling variations. Not all words are covered.