A Corpus of 21st Century Scots Texts

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Levenshtein Distance

Enter a word to find nearest neighbouring words, for example ablow

- basic concord - pre-sorted concord - post-sorted concord - map and chronology - chronogrid - fine-grain concord -

Similar words to penalised in Corpus

Levenshtein Double Levenshtein SoundEx MetaPhone Manually curated
penalised (0) - 3 freq
finalised (2) - 2 freq
realised (2) - 167 freq
localised (3) - 8 freq
realise (3) - 119 freq
pennied (3) - 1 freq
prentised (3) - 1 freq
personalised (3) - 1 freq
praised (3) - 23 freq
paralysed (3) - 13 freq
paised (3) - 4 freq
enlisted (3) - 1 freq
poalished (3) - 1 freq
penalties (3) - 11 freq
centralised (3) - 5 freq
realized (3) - 15 freq
realiset (3) - 1 freq
idealised (3) - 1 freq
reealise (3) - 1 freq
specialised (3) - 3 freq
analysed (3) - 8 freq
enclosed (3) - 5 freq
vandalised (3) - 2 freq
petalled (3) - 1 freq
plaised (3) - 37 freq
penalised (0) - 3 freq
finalised (3) - 2 freq
pensed (4) - 3 freq
analysed (4) - 8 freq
paralysed (4) - 13 freq
plaised (4) - 37 freq
reanalysed (4) - 1 freq
realised (4) - 167 freq
polarised (5) - 1 freq
penels (5) - 7 freq
panelled (5) - 2 freq
plased (5) - 1 freq
petalled (5) - 1 freq
generalised (5) - 1 freq
paraleesed (5) - 4 freq
playsed (5) - 1 freq
pleased (5) - 206 freq
vandalised (5) - 2 freq
penality (5) - 1 freq
finalise (5) - 2 freq
pleised (5) - 4 freq
pedalled (5) - 1 freq
praised (5) - 23 freq
paised (5) - 4 freq
poalished (5) - 1 freq
SoundEx code - P542
penielheugh - 2 freq
pummel's - 1 freq
penalised - 3 freq
'painless - 1 freq
penniless - 1 freq
panels - 15 freq
penel's - 5 freq
penels - 7 freq
phonology - 8 freq
phonologie - 1 freq
phonological - 4 freq
pannells - 1 freq
pmills - 1 freq
panellists - 1 freq
pmmllcryng - 1 freq
MetaPhone code - PNLST
penalised - 3 freq
PENALISED
Time to execute Levenshtein function - 0.238533 milliseconds
The Levenshtein distance is the number of characters you have to replace, insert or delete to transform one word into another, its useful for detecting typos and alternative spellings
Time to execute Double Levenshtein function - 0.397608 milliseconds
In a stroke of genius, this runs the Levenshtein function twice, once without vowels and adds the distance together, giving double weight to consonants.
Time to execute SoundEx function - 0.031667 milliseconds
Soundex is a phonetic algorithm for indexing names by sound, as pronounced in English. The goal is for homophones to be encoded to the same representation so that they can be matched despite minor differences in spelling.
Time to execute MetaPhone function - 0.038871 milliseconds
Metaphone is a phonetic algorithm, published by Lawrence Philips in 1990, for indexing words by their English pronunciation.[1] It fundamentally improves on the Soundex algorithm by using information about variations and inconsistencies in English spelling and pronunciation to produce a more accurate encoding, which does a better job of matching words and names which sound similar.
Time to execute Manually curated function - 0.000909 milliseconds
Manual Curation uses a lookup table / lexicon which has been created by hand which links words to their lemmas, and includes obvious typos and spelling variations. Not all words are covered.